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Раскройте скобки, чтобы получить Present Perfect или Past Simple.

I … (do) this exercise before.
I … (do) this exercise tw0 minutes ago.
We … (go) to school since the first form. .
We … (go) to school yesterday.
You … ( see) a horse last week.
You … (never/ see) a horse.
He … (just/say) that.
He … (say) that a minute ago.
They … (already/ have) breakfast.
They … ( have) breakfast at 2 o’clock.
* * *

Упражнение 2 (для начинающих). Раскройте скобки, чтобы получить Present Perfect или Past Simple в отрицательной форме.

I … (not/ do) this exercise before.
I … (not/ do) this exercise yesterday.
We … (not/ go) to school since the first form. .
We … (not/ go) to school yesterday.
You … ( not/ see) a horse last week.
You … (never/ see) a horse.
He … (not /say) that yet.
He … (say) that a minute ago.
They … (not/ have) breakfast yet.
They …( not/have) breakfast an hour ago.
* * *

Упражнение 3 (для начинающих). Раскройте скобки, чтобы получить Present Perfect или Past Simple в вопросительной форме.

… you … (hear) this song before?
… you … (hear) this song yesterday?
… they … (go) to school since the first form?
… they … (go) to school yesterday?
… he … ( ride) a horse last week?
… he … (never/ ride) a balloon?
… she … (just/say) that?
… she … (say) that a minute ago?
… you … (draw) a picture at the last lesson?
… you … (never/ draw) a picture before?
… they…. (already/ have) breakfast?
… they … ( have) breakfast an hour ago?
* * *

Упражнение 4. Перепишите предложения, используя Present Perfect or the Past Simple.
ПРИМЕР. I am writing a letter to my cousin, (already, yesterday).

I have already written a letter to my cousin.
I wrote a letter to my cousin yesterday.
1. Mother is bringing our tea. (a few minutes ago; not yet)
2. The bell is ringing. (just; some minutes ago)
3. He is going to London in a few days. (already; last week)
4. The boys are playing football in the yard now. (yesterday; many times)
5. Anna is reading a new novel by Chekhov. (this month; last year)
6. Students are cleaning their classrooms. (already; last Saturday)
7. The teacher is explaining a new rule. (just, at the last lesson)
8. Ann is doing the flat. (just; on Friday)
9. They are discussing this plan again. (many times; a few days ago)
10. Granny is making a birthday cake. (just; yesterday)
11. The birds are flying to the South. (already; at the end of August)
12. The train is coming. (just; an hour ago)
13. Who is your friend speaking to? (yesterday, just)
14. We are writing the words from the text. (already, at the last lesson)

* * *

Упражнение 5. Перепишите предложения, используя Present Perfect or the Past Simple.

1. This scientist … (write) a lot of books. He … (write) his first one in 2001.
2. … you … (ever see) a film as good as that?
3. I … (never travel) to the USA. What about you? When … (you go) there?
4. He … (live) in Manchester for eight years, and he wants to move to another place.
5. She … (live) in Manchester for two years, and then in 2003 she … (move) to London.
6. We … (meet) Jane and Alan two years ago. How long … (you know) them?

* * *

Упражнение 6. Найдите предложения с ошибками и исправьте их.

Do you know about Sue? She has given up her job.
My mother has grown up in Scotland.
How many plays has Shakespeare written?
Oh, I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding.
The Chinese have invented paper.
Where have you been born?
Mary isn’t at home. She has gone shopping.

A

Изучите следующую ситуацию:

Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it.
Том ищет свой ключ. Он не может его найти.

He has lost his key. Он потерял ключ. (present perfect)

Это означает, что сейчас у него ключа нет.

Десять минут позже:

Now Tom has found his key. He has it now.

Has he lost his key? No, he has found it.
Он потерял ключ? Нет, он нашел его.

Did he lose his key? Yes, he did.
Он терял ключ? Да, терял.

He lost his key — Он (по)терял ключ (past simple)
but now he has found it — но сейчас он его нашел. (present perfect)

The present perfect (something has happened) это настоящее время. Оно всегда говорим нам о ситуации сейчас. ‘Tom has lost his key’ = ключа у него нет сейчас (см. урок 7).

The past simple (something happened) говорит нам только о прошлом. Если кто-то говорит ‘Tom lost his key’, это не скажет нам о том, есть ли сейчас у него ключ или нет. Это лишь говорит нам о том, что он потерял ключ в какой-то момент времени в прошлом.

Не используйте present perfect, если ситуация в настоящем изменилась. Сравните:

• They’ve gone away. They’ll be back on Friday. (сейчас их всё ещё нет)
  They went away, but I think they’re back at home now. (not They’ve gone)

• It has stopped raining now, so we don’t need the umbrella. (сейчас не идет дождь)
  It stopped raining for a while, but now it’s raining again. (not It has stopped)

B

Вы можете использовать present perfect для новых или недавних событий:

• ‘I’ve repaired the TV. It’s working OK now.’ ‘Oh, that’s good.’
• Have you heard the news? Sally has won the lottery!

Если событие не новое (или недавнее), используйте the past simple (not the present perfect):

• Mozart was a composer. He wrote more than 600 pieces of music. (not has been … has written)
• My mother grew up in Scotland. (not has grown)

Сравните:

• Did you know that somebody has invented a new type of washing machine?
• Who invented the telephone? (not has invented)

C

Мы используем present perfect, чтобы сообщить новую информацию (см. урок 7). Но если мы продолжаем говорить об этом, мы обычно используем past simple:

• A: Ow! I’ve burnt myself.
  B: How did you do that? (not have you done)
  A: I picked up a hot dish. (not have picked)

• A: Look! Somebody has spilt something on the sofa.
  B: Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. (not hasn’t been … haven’t done)

Упражнения

1. Завершите предложения на картинках, используя глаголы в скобках. Используйте present perfect, где возможно. В остальных случаях используйте past simple.

2. Поставьте глагол в правильную форму: present perfect или past simple.

1. It raining for a while, but now it’s raining again. (stop)
2. The town is very different now. It a lot. (change)
3. I did German at school, but I most of it now. (forget)
4. The police three people, but later they let them go. (arrest)
5. What do you think of my English? Do you think it ? (improve)
6. A: Are you still reading the paper?
   B: No, I with it. You can have it. (finish)
7. I for a job as a tourist guide, but I wasn’t successful. (apply)



8. Where’s my bike? It outside the house, but it’s not there now. (be)
9. Look! There’s an ambulance over there. There an accident. (be)
10. A: Have you heard about Ben? He his arm. (break)
    B: Really? How that ? (happen)
    A: He off a ladder. (fall)

3. Находятся ли выделенные части этих предложений в правильной грамматической форме? Исправьте их, если необходимо.