Return outside function python ошибка

Compiler showed:

File "temp.py", line 56
    return result
SyntaxError: 'return' outside function

Where was I wrong?

class Complex (object):
    def __init__(self, realPart, imagPart):
        self.realPart = realPart
        self.imagPart = imagPart            

    def __str__(self):
        if type(self.realPart) == int and type(self.imagPart) == int:
            if self.imagPart >=0:
                return '%d+%di'%(self.realPart, self.imagPart)
            elif self.imagPart <0:
                return '%d%di'%(self.realPart, self.imagPart)   
    else:
        if self.imagPart >=0:
                return '%f+%fi'%(self.realPart, self.imagPart)
            elif self.imagPart <0:
                return '%f%fi'%(self.realPart, self.imagPart)

        def __div__(self, other):
            r1 = self.realPart
            i1 = self.imagPart
            r2 = other.realPart
            i2 = other.imagPart
            resultR = float(float(r1*r2+i1*i2)/float(r2*r2+i2*i2))
            resultI = float(float(r2*i1-r1*i2)/float(r2*r2+i2*i2))
            result = Complex(resultR, resultI)
            return result

c1 = Complex(2,3)
c2 = Complex(1,4)
print c1/c2

What about this?

class Complex (object):
    def __init__(self, realPart, imagPart):
        self.realPart = realPart
        self.imagPart = imagPart            

    def __str__(self):
        if type(self.realPart) == int and type(self.imagPart) == int:
            if self.imagPart >=0:
                return '%d+%di'%(self.realPart, self.imagPart)
            elif self.imagPart <0:
                return '%d%di'%(self.realPart, self.imagPart)
        else:
            if self.imagPart >=0:
                return '%f+%fi'%(self.realPart, self.imagPart)
            elif self.imagPart <0:
                return '%f%fi'%(self.realPart, self.imagPart)

    def __div__(self, other):
        r1 = self.realPart
        i1 = self.imagPart
        r2 = other.realPart
        i2 = other.imagPart
        resultR = float(float(r1*r2+i1*i2)/float(r2*r2+i2*i2))
        resultI = float(float(r2*i1-r1*i2)/float(r2*r2+i2*i2))
        result = Complex(resultR, resultI)
        return result

c1 = Complex(2,3)
c2 = Complex(1,4)
print c1/c2

Syntaxerror: ‘return’ outside function

This syntax error is nothing but a simple indentation error, generally, this error occurs when the indent or return function does not match or align to the indent of the defined function.

Example

# Python 3 Code

def myfunction(a, b):
  # Print the value of a+b
  add = a + b
return(add)

# Print values in list
print('Addition: ', myfunction(10, 34));

Output

File "t.py", line 7
    return(add)
    ^
SyntaxError: 'return' outside function

As you can see that line no. 7 is not indented or align with myfunction(), due to this python compiler compile the code till line no.6 and throws the error ‘return statement is outside the function.

Correct Example

# Python 3 Code

def myfunction(a, b):
  # Print the value of a+b
  add = a + b

  return(add)

# Print values in list
print('Addition: ', myfunction(10, 34));

Output

Addition:  44

Conclusion

We have understood that indentation is extremely important in programming. As Python does not use curly braces like C, indentation and whitespaces are crucial. So, when you type in the return statement within the function the result is different than when the return statement is mentioned outside. It is best to check your indentation properly before executing a function to avoid any syntax errors.   

In this Python tutorial, we will discuss how to fix an error, syntaxerror return outside function python, and can’t assign to function call in python The error return outside function python comes while working with function in python.

In python, this error can come when the indentation or return function does not match.

Example:

def add(x, y):
  sum = x + y
return(sum)
print(" Total is: ", add(20, 50))

After writing the above code (syntaxerror return outside function python), Ones you will print then the error will appear as a “ SyntaxError return outside function python ”. Here, line no 3 is not indented or align due to which it throws an error ‘return’ outside the function.

You can refer to the below screenshot python syntaxerror: ‘return’ outside function

To solve this SyntaxError: return outside function python we need to check the code whether the indentation is correct or not and also the return statement should be inside the function so that this error can be resolved.

Example:

def add(x, y):
  sum = x + y
  return(sum)
print(" Total is: ", add(20, 50))

After writing the above code (syntaxerror return outside function python), Once you will print then the output will appear as a “ Total is: 70 ”. Here, line no. 3 is resolved by giving the correct indentation of the return statement which should be inside the function so, in this way we can solve this syntax error.

You can refer to the below screenshot:

SyntaxError can’t assign to function call in python

In python, syntaxerror: can’t assign to function call error occurs if you try to assign a value to a function call. This means that we are trying to assign a value to a function.

Example:

chocolate = [
     { "name": "Perk", "sold":934 },
     { "name": "Kit Kat", "sold": 1200},
     { "name": "Dairy Milk Silk", "sold": 1208},
     { "name": "Kit Kat", "sold": 984}
]
def sold_1000_times(chocolate):
    top_sellers = []
    for c in chocolate:
        if c["sold"] > 1000:
            top_sellers.append(c)
    return top_sellers
sold_1000_times(chocolate) = top_sellers
print(top_sellers)

After writing the above code (syntaxerror: can’t assign to function call in python), Ones you will print “top_sellers” then the error will appear as a “ SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call ”. Here, we get the error because we’re trying to assign a value to a function call.

You can refer to the below screenshot cannot assign to function call in python

To solve this syntaxerror: can’t assign to function call we have to assign a function call to a variable. We have to declare the variable first followed by an equals sign, followed by the value that should be assigned to that variable. So, we reversed the order of our variable declaration.

Example:

chocolate = [
     { "name": "Perk", "sold":934 },
     { "name": "Kit Kat", "sold": 1200},
     { "name": "Dairy Milk Silk", "sold": 1208},
     { "name": "Kit Kat", "sold": 984}
]
def sold_1000_times(chocolate):
    top_sellers = []
    for c in chocolate:
        if c["sold"] > 1000:
            top_sellers.append(c)
    return top_sellers
top_sellers
 = sold_1000_times(chocolate)
print(top_sellers)

After writing the above code (cannot assign to function call in python), Ones you will print then the output will appear as “[{ “name”: “Kit Kat”, “sold”: 1200}, {“name”: “Dairy Milk Silk”, “sold”: 1208}] ”. Here, the error is resolved by giving the variable name first followed by the value that should be assigned to that variable.

You can refer to the below screenshot cannot assign to function call in python is resolved

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This is how to solve python SyntaxError: return outside function error and SyntaxError can’t assign to function call in python. This post will be helpful for the below error messages:

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In Python, the return keyword ends the execution flow of a function and sends the result value to the main program. You must define the return statement inside the function where the code block ends. If you define the return statement outside the function block, you will raise the error “SyntaxError: ‘return’ outside function”.

This tutorial will go through the error in more detail, and we will go through an example scenario to solve it.

SyntaxError: ‘return’ outside function

What is a Syntax Error in Python?

Syntax refers to the arrangement of letters and symbols in code. A Syntax error means you have misplaced a symbol or a letter somewhere in the code. Let’s look at an example of a syntax error:

number = 45

print()number

    print()number
           ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

The ^ indicates the precise source of the error. In this case, we have put the number variable outside of the parentheses for the print function,

print(number)

45

The number needs to be inside parentheses to print correctly.

What is a Return Statement?

We use a return statement to end the execution of a function call and return the value of the expression following the return keyword to the caller. It is the final line of code in our function. If you do not specify an expression following return, the function will return None. You cannot use return statements outside the function you want to call. Similar to the return statement, the break statement cannot be outside of a loop. If you put a break statement outside of a loop you will raise “SyntaxError: ‘break’ outside loop“. Let’s look at an example of incorrect use of the return statement.

Example: Return Statement Outside of Function

We will write a program that converts a temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit and returns these values to us. To start, let’s define a function that does the temperature conversion.

# Function to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit

def temp_converter(temp_c):

    temp_f = (temp_c * 9 / 5) + 32

return temp_f

The function uses the Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion formula and returns the value. Now that we have written the function we can call it in the main program. We can use the input() function to ask the user to give us temperature data in Celsius.

temperature_in_celsius = float(input("Enter temperature in Celsius"))

temperature_in_fahrenheit = temp_converter(temperature_in_celsius)

Next, we will print the temperature_in_fahrenheit value to console

print(<meta charset="utf-8">temperature_in_fahrenheit)

Let’s see what happens when we try to run the code:

    return temp_f
    ^
SyntaxError: 'return' outside function

The code failed because we have specified a return statement outside of the function temp_converter.

Solution

To solve this error, we have to indent our return statement so that it is within the function. If we do not use the correct indentation, the Python interpreter will see the return statement outside the function. Let’s see the change in the revised code:

# Function to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit

def temp_converter(temp_c):

    temp_f = (temp_c * 9 / 5) + 32

    return temp_f

temperature_in_celsius = float(input("Enter temperature in Celsius"))

temperature_in_fahrenheit = temp_converter(temperature_in_celsius)

print(temperature_in_fahrenheit)

Enter temperature in Celsius10

50.0

The program successfully converts 10 degrees Celsius to 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

For further reading on using indentation correctly in Python, go to the article: How to Solve Python IndentationError: unindent does not match any outer indentation level.

Summary

Congratulations on reading to the end of this tutorial! The error: “SyntaxError: ‘return’ outside function” occurs when you specify a return statement outside of a function. To solve this error, ensure all of your return statements are indented to appear inside the function as the last line instead of outside of the function.

Here is some other SyntaxErrors that you may encounter:

• SyntaxError: unexpected character after line continuation character
• SyntaxError: can’t assign to function call

Go to the online courses page on Python to learn more about Python for data science and machine learning.

A return statement sends a value from a function to a main program. If you specify a return statement outside of a function, you’ll encounter the “SyntaxError: ‘return’ outside function” error.

In this guide, we explore what the “‘return’ outside function” error means and why it is raised. We’ll walk through an example of this error so you can figure out how to solve it in your program.

SyntaxError: ‘return’ outside function

Return statements can only be included in a function. This is because return statements send values from a function to a main program. Without a function from which to send values, a return statement would have no clear purpose.

Return statements come at the end of a block of code in a function. Consider the following example:

def add_two_numbers(x, y):
	answer = x + y
	return answer

Our return statement is the final line of code in our function. A return statement may be used in an if statement to specify multiple potential values that a function could return.

An Example Scenario

We’re going to write a program that calculates whether a student has passed or failed a computing test. To start, let’s define a function that checks whether a student has passed or failed. The pass-fail boundary for the test is 50 marks.

def check_if_passed(grade):
	if grade > 50:
		print("Checked")
		return True
	else: 
		print("Checked")
return False

Our function can return two values: True or False. If a student’s grade is over 50 (above the pass-fail boundary), the value True is returned to our program. Otherwise, the value False is returned. Our program prints the value “Checked” no matter what the outcome of our if statement is so that we can be sure a grade has been checked.

Now that we have written this function, we can call it in our main program. First, we need to ask the user for the name of the student whose grade the program should check, and for the grade that student earned. We can do this using an input() statement:

name = input("Enter the student's name: ")
grade = int(input("Enter the student's grade: "))

The value of “grade” is converted to an integer so we can compare it with the value 50 in our function. Let’s call our function to check if a student has passed their computing test:

has_passed = check_if_passed(grade)
if has_passed == True:
	print("{} passed their test with a grade of {}.".format(name, grade))
else:
	print("{} failed their test with a grade of {}.".format(name, grade))

We call the check_if_passed() function to determine whether a student has passed their test. If the student passed their test, a message is printed to the console telling us they passed; otherwise, we are informed the student failed their test.

Let’s run our code to see if it works:

  File "test.py", line 6
	return False
	^
SyntaxError: 'return' outside function

An error is returned.

The Solution

We have specified a return statement outside of a function. Let’s go back to our check_if_passed() function. If we look at the last line of code, we can see that our last return statement is not properly indented.

…
	else: 
		print("Checked")
return False

The statement that returns False appears after our function, rather than at the end of our function. We can fix this error by intending our return statement to the correct level:

	else: 
		print("Checked")
return False

The return statement is now part of our function. It will return the value False if a student’s grade is not over 50. Let’s run our program again:

Enter the student's name: Lisa
Enter the student's grade: 84
Checked
Lisa passed their test with a grade of 84.

Our program successfully calculates that a student passed their test.

Conclusion

The “SyntaxError: ‘return’ outside function” error is raised when you specify a return statement outside of a function. To solve this error, make sure all of your return statements are properly indented and appear inside a function instead of after a function.

Now you have the knowledge you need to fix this error like an expert Python programmer!