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Как продолжить цикл после ошибки python

Decorator is a good approach.

from functools import wraps
import time

class retry:
    def __init__(self, success=lambda r:True, times=3, delay=1, raiseexception=True, echo=True):
        self.success = success
        self.times = times
        self.raiseexception = raiseexception
        self.echo = echo
        self.delay = delay
    def retry(fun, *args, success=lambda r:True, times=3, delay=1, raiseexception=True, echo=True, **kwargs):
        ex = Exception(f"{fun} failed.")
        r = None
        for i in range(times):
            if i > 0:
                time.sleep(delay*2**(i-1))
            try:
                r = fun(*args, **kwargs)
                s = success(r)
            except Exception as e:
                s = False
                ex = e
                # raise e
            if not s:
                continue
            return r
        else:
            if echo:
                print(f"{fun} failed.", "args:", args, kwargs, "nresult: %s"%r)
            if raiseexception:
                raise ex
    def __call__(self, fun):
        @wraps(fun)
        def wraper(*args, retry=0, **kwargs):
            retry = retry if retry>0 else self.times
            return self.__class__.retry(fun, *args, 
                                        success=self.success, 
                                        times=retry,
                                        delay=self.delay,
                                        raiseexception = self.raiseexception,
                                        echo = self.echo,
                                        **kwargs)
        return wraper

some usage examples:

@retry(success=lambda x:x>3, times=4, delay=0.1)
def rf1(x=[]):
    x.append(1)
    print(x)
    return len(x)
> rf1()

[1]
[1, 1]
[1, 1, 1]
[1, 1, 1, 1]

4
@retry(success=lambda x:x>3, times=4, delay=0.1)
def rf2(l=[], v=1):
    l.append(v)
    print(l)
    assert len(l)>4
    return len(l)
> rf2(v=2, retry=10) #overwite times=4

[2]
[2, 2]
[2, 2, 2]
[2, 2, 2, 2]
[2, 2, 2, 2, 2]

5
> retry.retry(lambda a,b:a+b, 1, 2, times=2)

3
> retry.retry(lambda a,b:a+b, 1, "2", times=2)

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'

Decorator is a good approach.

from functools import wraps
import time

class retry:
    def __init__(self, success=lambda r:True, times=3, delay=1, raiseexception=True, echo=True):
        self.success = success
        self.times = times
        self.raiseexception = raiseexception
        self.echo = echo
        self.delay = delay
    def retry(fun, *args, success=lambda r:True, times=3, delay=1, raiseexception=True, echo=True, **kwargs):
        ex = Exception(f"{fun} failed.")
        r = None
        for i in range(times):
            if i > 0:
                time.sleep(delay*2**(i-1))
            try:
                r = fun(*args, **kwargs)
                s = success(r)
            except Exception as e:
                s = False
                ex = e
                # raise e
            if not s:
                continue
            return r
        else:
            if echo:
                print(f"{fun} failed.", "args:", args, kwargs, "nresult: %s"%r)
            if raiseexception:
                raise ex
    def __call__(self, fun):
        @wraps(fun)
        def wraper(*args, retry=0, **kwargs):
            retry = retry if retry>0 else self.times
            return self.__class__.retry(fun, *args, 
                                        success=self.success, 
                                        times=retry,
                                        delay=self.delay,
                                        raiseexception = self.raiseexception,
                                        echo = self.echo,
                                        **kwargs)
        return wraper

some usage examples:

@retry(success=lambda x:x>3, times=4, delay=0.1)
def rf1(x=[]):
    x.append(1)
    print(x)
    return len(x)
> rf1()

[1]
[1, 1]
[1, 1, 1]
[1, 1, 1, 1]

4
@retry(success=lambda x:x>3, times=4, delay=0.1)
def rf2(l=[], v=1):
    l.append(v)
    print(l)
    assert len(l)>4
    return len(l)
> rf2(v=2, retry=10) #overwite times=4

[2]
[2, 2]
[2, 2, 2]
[2, 2, 2, 2]
[2, 2, 2, 2, 2]

5
> retry.retry(lambda a,b:a+b, 1, 2, times=2)

3
> retry.retry(lambda a,b:a+b, 1, "2", times=2)

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'

Put your try/except structure more in-wards. Otherwise when you get an error, it will break all the loops.

Perhaps after the first for-loop, add the try/except. Then if an error is raised, it will continue with the next file.

for infile in listing:
    try:
        if infile.startswith("ABC"):
            fo = open(infile,"r")
            for line in fo:
                if line.startswith("REVIEW"):
                    print infile
            fo.close()
    except:
        pass

This is a perfect example of why you should use a with statement here to open files. When you open the file using open(), but an error is catched, the file will remain open forever. Now is better than never.

for infile in listing:
    try:
        if infile.startswith("ABC"):
            with open(infile,"r") as fo
                for line in fo:
                    if line.startswith("REVIEW"):
                        print infile
    except:
        pass

Now if an error is caught, the file will be closed, as that is what the with statement does.

  • Оператор Python continue используется для пропуска выполнения текущей итерации цикла.
  • Мы не можем использовать его вне цикла, он выдаст ошибку как «SyntaxError: ‘continue’ external loop».
  • Мы можем использовать его с циклами for и while.
  • Присутствует во вложенном цикле, он пропускает выполнение только внутреннего цикла.
  • «Continue» — зарезервированное ключевое слово в Python.
  • Как правило, оператор continue используется с оператором if, чтобы определить условие пропуска текущего выполнения цикла.

Блок-схема оператора continue

Синтаксис оператора

Синтаксис оператора continue:

continue

Мы не можем использовать какие-либо опции, метки или условия.

Примеры

Давайте посмотрим на несколько примеров использования оператора continue в Python.

1. Как продолжить цикл for?

Допустим, у нас есть последовательность целых чисел. Мы должны пропустить обработку, если значение равно 3. Мы можем реализовать этот сценарий, используя цикл for и оператор continue.

t_ints = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

for i in t_ints:
    if i == 3:
        continue
    print(f'Processing integer {i}')

print("Done")

Вывод:

продолжение цикла for

2. Совместно с циклом while

Вот простой пример использования оператора continue с циклом while.

count = 10

while count > 0:
    if count % 3 == 0:
        count -= 1
        continue
    print(f'Processing Number {count}')
    count -= 1

Вывод:

пример с циклом while

3. Пример с вложенным циклом

Допустим, у нас есть список кортежей для обработки. Кортеж содержит целые числа. Обработку следует пропустить при следующих условиях.

  • пропустить обработку кортежа, если его размер больше 2.
  • пропустить выполнение, если целое число равно 3.

Мы можем реализовать эту логику с помощью вложенных циклов for. Нам нужно будет использовать два оператора continue для выполнения вышеуказанных условий.

list_of_tuples = [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6, 7)]

for t in list_of_tuples:
    # don't process tuple with more than 2 elements
    if len(t) > 2:
        continue
    for i in t:
        # don't process if the tuple element value is 3
        if i == 3:
            continue
        print(f'Processing {i}')

Вывод:

пример с вложенным циклом

Многие популярные языки программирования поддерживают помеченный оператор continue. В основном он используется для пропуска итерации внешнего цикла в случае вложенных циклов. Однако Python не поддерживает помеченный оператор continue.

PEP 3136 был сделан, чтобы добавить поддержку метки для оператора continue. Но он был отклонен, потому что это очень редкий сценарий, который добавит ненужной сложности языку. Мы всегда можем написать условие во внешнем цикле, чтобы пропустить текущее выполнение.

Оператор break

  • Оператор break в Python используется для выхода из текущего цикла.
  • Мы не можем использовать оператор break вне цикла, он выдаст ошибку как «SyntaxError: ‘break’ external loop».
  • Мы можем использовать его с циклами for и while.
  • Если оператор break присутствует во вложенном цикле, он завершает внутренний цикл.
  • «Break» — зарезервированное ключевое слово в Python.

Блок-схема оператора break

схема работы оператора Break

Синтаксис оператора break

Синтаксис оператора break:

break

Мы не можем использовать какие-либо опции, метки или условия.

Примеры

1. оператор break с циклом for

Допустим, у нас есть последовательность целых чисел. Мы должны обрабатывать элементы последовательности один за другим. Если мы встречаем «3», то обработка должна быть остановлена. Мы можем использовать цикл for для итерации и оператор break с условием if, чтобы реализовать это.

t_ints = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

for i in t_ints:
    if i == 3:
        break
    print(f'Processing {i}')

print("Done")

Вывод:

break с циклом for

2. Оператор break с циклом while

count = 10

while count > 0:
    print(count)
    if count == 5:
        break
    count -= 1

Вывод:

Оператор break с циклом while

3. С вложенным циклом

Вот пример оператора break во вложенном цикле.

list_of_tuples = [(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]

for t in list_of_tuples:
    for i in t:
        if i == 3:
            break
        print(f'Processing {i}')

Вывод:

пример с вложенным циклом

Однако Python не поддерживает помеченный оператор break. Он был убран, потому что это добавит ненужной сложности языку. Для этого сценария есть лучшая альтернатива — переместите код в функцию и добавьте оператор return.

Сегодня мы узнаем об операторах continue и break в Python. Они нужны для изменения потока цикла.

Оператор continue в Python используется для перевода управления программой в начало цикла. Оператор continue пропускает оставшиеся строки кода внутри цикла и запускает следующую итерацию. В основном он  используется для определенного условия внутри цикла, чтобы мы могли пропустить конкретный код для определенного условия.

Синтаксис:

#loop statements  
continue
#the code to be skipped   

Диаграмма потока

Блок-схема Python continue

Рассмотрим следующие примеры.

Пример 1:

i = 0                   
while(i < 10):              
   i = i+1
   if(i == 5):
      continue
   print(i)

Выход:

1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10

Обратите внимание на вывод приведенного выше кода, значение 5 пропущено, потому что мы предоставили условие if с помощью оператора continue в цикле while. Когда он соответствует заданному условию, тогда управление передается в начало цикла while, и оно пропускает значение 5 из кода.

Давайте посмотрим на другой пример.

Пример 2:

str = "JavaTpoint"
for i in str:
    if(i == 'T'):
        continue
    print(i)

Выход:

J
a
v
a
p
o
i
n
t

Оператор pass

Оператор pass является нулевой операцией, поскольку при ее выполнении ничего не происходит. Он используется в тех случаях, когда оператор синтаксически необходим, но мы не хотим использовать на его месте какой-либо оператор.

Например, его можно использовать при переопределении метода родительского класса в подклассе, но не нужно указывать его конкретную реализацию в подклассе.

Pass также используется там, где код будет где-то написан, но еще не записан в программном файле.

Пример:

list = [1,2,3,4,5]  
flag = 0  
for i in list:  
    print("Current element:",i,end=" ");  
    if i==3:  
        pass  
        print("nWe are inside pass blockn");  
        flag = 1  
    if flag==1:  
        print("nCame out of passn");  
        flag=0 

Выход:

Current element: 1 Current element: 2 Current element: 3 
We are inside pass block


Came out of pass

Current element: 4 Current element: 5 

Мы узнаем больше об операторе pass в следующем руководстве.

Оператор break в Python

Break – это ключевое слово в Python, которое используется для вывода управления программой из цикла. Оператор break разрывает циклы один за другим, т. е. в случае вложенных циклов сначала прерывает внутренний цикл, а затем переходит к внешним циклам. Другими словами, мы можем сказать, что break используется для прерывания текущего выполнения программы, и управление переходит к следующей строке после цикла.

Break обычно используется в тех случаях, когда нужно разорвать цикл для заданного условия.

Синтаксис разрыва приведен ниже.

#loop statements
break; 

Пример 1:

list =[1,2,3,4]
count = 1;
for i in list:
    if i == 4:
        print("item matched")
        count = count + 1;
        break
print("found at",count,"location");

Выход:

item matched
found at 2 location

Пример 2:

str = "python"
for i in str:
    if i == 'o':
        break
    print(i);

Выход:

p
y
t
h

Пример 3: оператор break с циклом while.

i = 0;
while 1:
    print(i," ",end=""),
    i=i+1;
    if i == 10:
        break;
print("came out of while loop");

Выход:

0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  came out of while loop

Пример 4:

n=2
while 1:
    i=1;
    while i<=10:
        print("%d X %d = %dn"%(n,i,n*i));
        i = i+1;
    choice = int(input("Do you want to continue printing the table, press 0 for no?"))
    if choice == 0:
        break;    
    n=n+1

Выход:

2 X 1 = 2

2 X 2 = 4

2 X 3 = 6

2 X 4 = 8

2 X 5 = 10

2 X 6 = 12

2 X 7 = 14

2 X 8 = 16

2 X 9 = 18

2 X 10 = 20

Do you want to continue printing the table, press 0 for no?1

3 X 1 = 3

3 X 2 = 6

3 X 3 = 9

3 X 4 = 12

3 X 5 = 15

3 X 6 = 18

3 X 7 = 21

3 X 8 = 24

3 X 9 = 27

3 X 10 = 30

Do you want to continue printing the table, press 0 for no?0

Изучаю Python вместе с вами, читаю, собираю и записываю информацию опытных программистов.

In this lesson you’ll see practical examples of the two loop interruption options you’ve learned about in the last lesson. The used examples are debugged in the video, so that you get a sense of what’s happening behind the scenes. The examples covered in this lesson are displayed below.

n = 5
while n > 0:
    n = n - 1
    if n == 2:
        break
    print(n)
print("Loop is finished")
n = 5
while n > 0:
    n = n - 1
    if n == 2:
        continue
    print(n)
print("Loop is finished")

If you’d like to explore another use case for the break statement, then check out How Can You Emulate Do-While Loops in Python? from Real Python.

00:00

All right, so let’s see how we can use these key terms. I’m going to write another while loop that was pretty similar to the original one we saw.

00:10

First, we need to initialize a variable and say n = 5. Then I’m going to write my while loop. And my condition is going to be if it’s greater than 0, then I’m going to execute the block of code below.

00:27

So, first thing we did was decrement n by 1. And now this is where I’m going to include a conditional statement, my if statement.

00:39

if n == 2: I’m actually going to break out of my block. But if it does not equal 2, then I’m going to continue on and I’m going to print n just like before.

00:59

Now, this next piece right here is going to execute once the while loop is finished normally. I’m just going to print 'Loop is finished'.

01:16

All right. So, take a minute to think about what is going to happen and then we’ll run it and see if you’re right. All right, let’s see. All right, so what I see now is that I printed those first two like I did before. I have 4 and I have 3. But whenever n… Over here we can see n is currently equal to 2, it ran into this if statement and it actually broke out of that code entirely and it went down to the first statement after the while loop, which is 'Loop is finished'.

01:51

So now I’m going to simply change this word break to continue.

02:06

Now let’s see what happens when I run this code with the word continue. All right, so we see now I have 4 and 3 still. I don’t have 2, but I did continue on and have 1 and 0.

02:22

And then once that loop was exhausted, I then printed my Loop is finished. Let’s look at this step-by-step with our debugger.

02:39

So first, we’re going to initialize our variable to 5, and I’m going to do just like I did before. 5 is greater than 0, so it returns True.

02:52

4 does not equal 2, so this returns False, so it’s not going to execute that code but it is going to go ahead and jump to the next line, which is to print n.

03:02

But this is still inside of my loop, so I’m going to then jump back up to the top of my loop and check if the condition is still True.

03:20

I’ll continue to do this until I get to 2. Now when n equals 2, this is going to return True. And if this returns True, my if statement is going to start. So if this returns True, I’m going to jump into my if statement and it says continue, so what’s going to happen is I actually jump back up to my while loop and I check my condition.

03:48

And here, I see that it’s still True, so I’m going to continue on.

03:58

And that’s why I get the 1 next and I left out 2. It was because it never actually reached the print(n).

In this article, you will learn how to use ‎the break, continue and pass statements when working with loops in Python. We use break, continue statements to alter the loop’s execution in a certain manner.

Statement Description
break Terminate the current loop. Use the break statement to come out of the loop instantly.
continue Skip the current iteration of a loop and move to the next iteration
pass Do nothing. Ignore the condition in which it occurred and proceed to run the program as usual
Loop control statements in Python

The break and continue statements are part of a control flow statements that helps you to understand the basics of Python.

Table of contents

  • Break Statement in Python
    • Example: Break for loop in Python
    • How break statement works
    • Example: Break while loop
    • Break Nested Loop in Python
    • Break Outer loop in Python
  • Continue Statement in Python
    • Example: continue statement in for loop
    • How continue statement works
    • Example: continue statement in while loop
    • Continue Statement in Nested Loop
    • Continue Statement in Outer loop
  • Pass Statement in Python

Break Statement in Python

The break statement is used inside the loop to exit out of the loop. In Python, when a break statement is encountered inside a loop, the loop is immediately terminated, and the program control transfer to the next statement following the loop.

In simple words, A break keyword terminates the loop containing it. If the break statement is used inside a nested loop (loop inside another loop), it will terminate the innermost loop.

For example, you are searching a specific email inside a file. You started reading a file line by line using a loop. When you found an email, you can stop the loop using the break statement.

We can use Python break statement in both for loop and while loop. It is helpful to terminate the loop as soon as the condition is fulfilled instead of doing the remaining iterations. It reduces execution time.

Syntax of break:

break
Break loop in Python
Break loop in Python

Let us see the usage of the break statement with an example.

Example: Break for loop in Python

In this example, we will iterate numbers from a list using a for loop, and if we found a number greater than 100, we will break the loop.

Use the if condition to terminate the loop. If the condition evaluates to true, then the loop will terminate. Else loop will continue to work until the main loop condition is true.

numbers = [10, 40, 120, 230]
for i in numbers:
    if i > 100:
        break
    print('current number', i)

Output:

curret number 10
curret number 40

Note: As you can see in the output, we got numbers less than 100 because we used the break statement inside the if condition (the number is greater than 100) to terminate the loop

How break statement works

We used a break statement along with if statement. Whenever a specific condition occurs and a break statement is encountered inside a loop, the loop is immediately terminated, and the program control transfer to the next statement following the loop.

Let’s understand the above example iteration by iteration.

  • In the first iteration of the loop, 10 gets printed, and the condition i > 100 is checked. Since the value of variable i is 10, the condition becomes false.
  • In the second iteration of the loop, 20 gets printed again, and the condition i > 100 is checked. Since the value of i is 40, the condition becomes false.
  • In the third iteration of the loop, the condition i > 100 becomes true, and the break statement terminates the loop

Example: Break while loop

We can use the break statement inside a while loop using the same approach.

Write a while loop to display each character from a string and if a character is a space then terminate the loop.

Use the if condition to stop the while loop. If the current character is space then the condition evaluates to true, then the break statement will execute and the loop will terminate. Else loop will continue to work until the main loop condition is true.

name = 'Jesaa29 Roy'

size = len(name)
i = 0
# iterate loop till the last character
while i < size:
    # break loop if current character is space
    if name[i].isspace():
        break
    # print current character
    print(name[i], end=' ')
    i = i + 1
Flow chart of a break statement
Flow chart of a break statement

Break Nested Loop in Python

To terminate the nested loop, use a break statement inside the inner loop. Let’s see the example.

In the following example, we have two loops, the outer loop, and the inner loop. The outer for loop iterates the first 10 numbers using the range() function, and the internal loop prints the multiplication table of each number.

But if the current number of both the outer loop and the inner loop is greater than 5 then terminate the inner loop using the break statement.

Example: Break nested loop

for i in range(1, 11):
    print('Multiplication table of', i)
    for j in range(1, 11):
        # condition to break inner loop
        if i > 5 and j > 5:
            break
        print(i * j, end=' ')
    print('')

Break Outer loop in Python

To terminate the outside loop, use a break statement inside the outer loop. Let’s see the example.

In the following example, we have two loops, the outer loop, and the inner loop. The outer loop iterates the first 10 numbers, and the internal loop prints the multiplication table of each number.

But if the current number of the outer loop is greater than 5 then terminate the outer loop using the break statement.

Example: Break outer loop

for i in range(1, 11):
    # condition to break outer loop
    if i > 5:
        break
    print('Multiplication table of', i)
    for j in range(1, 11):
        print(i * j, end=' ')
    print('')

Continue Statement in Python

The continue statement skip the current iteration and move to the next iteration. In Python, when the continue statement is encountered inside the loop, it skips all the statements below it and immediately jumps to the next iteration.

In simple words, the continue statement is used inside loops. Whenever the continue statement is encountered inside a loop, control directly jumps to the start of the loop for the next iteration, skipping the rest of the code present inside the loop’s body for the current iteration.

In some situations, it is helpful to skip executing some statement inside a loop’s body if a particular condition occurs and directly move to the next iteration.

Syntax of continue:

continue

Let us see the use of the continue statement with an example.

Python continue statement in loop
Python continue statement in loop

Example: continue statement in for loop

In this example, we will iterate numbers from a list using a for loop and calculate its square. If we found a number greater than 10, we will not calculate its square and directly jump to the next number.

Use the if condition with the continue statement. If the condition evaluates to true, then the loop will move to the next iteration.

numbers = [2, 3, 11, 7]
for i in numbers:
    print('Current Number is', i)
    # skip below statement if number is greater than 10
    if i > 10:
        continue
    square = i * i
    print('Square of a current number is', square)

Output:

Current Number is 2
Square of a current number is 4
Current Number is 3
Square of a current number is 9
Current Number is 11
Current Number is 7
Square of a current number is 49

Note: As you can see in the output, we got square of 2, 3, and 7, but the loop ignored number 11 because we used the if condition to check if the number is greater than ten, and the condition evaluated to true, then loop skipped calculating the square of 11 and moved to the next number.

How continue statement works

We used the continue statement along with the if statement. Whenever a specific condition occurs and the continue statement is encountered inside a loop, the loop immediately skips the remeaning body and move to the next iteration.

Flow chart of a continue statement
Flow chart of a continue statement

Let’s understand the above example iteration by iteration.

  • In the first iteration of the loop, 4 gets printed, and the condition i > 10 is checked. Since the value of i is 2, the condition becomes false.
  • In the second iteration of the loop, 9 gets printed, and the condition i > 10 is checked. Since the value of i is 9, the condition becomes false.
  • In the third iteration of the loop, the condition i > 10 becomes true, and the continue statement skips the remaining statements and moves to the next iteration of the loop
  • In the second iteration of the loop, 49 gets printed, and the condition i > 10 is checked. Since the value of i is 7, the condition becomes false.

Example: continue statement in while loop

We can also use the continue statement inside a while loop. Let’s understand this with an example.

Write a while loop to display each character from a string and if a character is a space, then don’t display it and move to the next character.

Use the if condition with the continue statement to jump to the next iteration. If the current character is space, then the condition evaluates to true, then the continue statement will execute, and the loop will move to the next iteration by skipping the remeaning body.

name = 'Je sa a'

size = len(name)
i = -1
# iterate loop till the last character
while i < size - 1:
    i = i + 1
    # skip loop body if current character is space
    if name[i].isspace():
        continue
    # print current character
    print(name[i], end=' ')

Output:

J e s a a 

Continue Statement in Nested Loop

To skip the current iteration of the nested loop, use the continue statement inside the body of the inner loop. Let’s see the example.

In the following example, we have the outer loop and the inner loop. The outer loop iterates the first 10 numbers, and the internal loop prints the multiplication table of each number.

But if the current number of the inner loop is equal to 5, then skip the current iteration and move to the next iteration of the inner loop using the continue statement.

Example: continue statement in nested loop

for i in range(1, 11):
    print('Multiplication table of', i)
    for j in range(1, 11):
        # condition to skip current iteration
        if j == 5:
            continue
        print(i * j, end=' ')
    print('')

Continue Statement in Outer loop

To skip the current iteration of an outside loop, use the continue statement inside the outer loop. Let’s see the example

In the following example, The outer loop iterates the first 10 numbers, and the internal loop prints the multiplication table of each number.

But if the current number of the outer loop is even, then skip the current iteration of the outer loop and move to the next iteration.

Note: If we skip the current iteration of an outer loop, the inner loop will not be executed for that iteration because the inner loop is part of the body of an outer loop.

Example: continue statement in outer loop

for i in range(1, 11):
    # condition to skip iteration
    # Don't print multiplication table of even numbers
    if i % 2 == 0:
        continue
    print('Multiplication table of', i)
    for j in range(1, 11):
        print(i * j, end=' ')
    print('')

Pass Statement in Python

The pass is the keyword In Python, which won’t do anything. Sometimes there is a situation in programming where we need to define a syntactically empty block. We can define that block with the pass keyword.

A pass statement is a Python null statement. When the interpreter finds a pass statement in the program, it returns no operation. Nothing happens when the pass statement is executed.

It is useful in a situation where we are implementing new methods or also in exception handling. It plays a role like a placeholder.

Syntax of pass statement:

for element in sequence:
    if condition:
        pass

Example

months = ['January', 'June', 'March', 'April']
for mon in months:
    pass
print(months)

Output

['January', 'June', 'March', 'April']

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